Landscape Explorer

Combine filters to find formations by what shaped them, where they occur, and how long they take to form.

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The Big Badlands in early morning winter light, Badlands National Park.
Badlands Erosion

How Badlands Are Formed

Badlands form where soft, sparsely vegetated sedimentary rock is carved rapidly by intense, infrequent rainstorms into dense networks of ridges and gullies.

Examples: Badlands National Park (South Dakota, USA), Drumheller Badlands (Alberta, Canada)

Formation timescale: Short (decades to centuries)

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Vegetation and topography of the central Mojave Desert.
Desert Erosion

How Deserts Form

A desert forms wherever a region consistently receives very little precipitation, whether because of global air circulation patterns, distance from oceans, or the rain-blocking effect of mountains.

Examples: Sahara Desert (Africa), Atacama Desert (South America)

Formation timescale: Long (hundreds of thousands of years)

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Wind-rippled sand at the Mesquite Flat Dunes, Death Valley National Park.
Sand Dune Erosion

How Sand Dunes Move and Change

Sand dunes form when wind picks up loose sand and deposits it in mounds or ridges, which then migrate and change shape as wind conditions continue to act on them.

Examples: Sossusvlei Dunes (Africa), Great Sand Dunes (North America)

Formation timescale: Rapid (hours to years)

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Delicate Arch in Arches National Park, Utah, after rainfall.
Natural Arch Erosion

Natural Arches and the Power of Erosion

Natural arches form when erosion and weathering hollow out a weak section of rock inside a narrow fin or headland, leaving a freestanding span that will eventually collapse under its own weight.

Examples: Delicate Arch (Utah, North America), Landscape Arch (Utah, North America)

Formation timescale: Long (hundreds of thousands of years)

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