Landscape Explorer

Combine filters to find formations by what shaped them, where they occur, and how long they take to form.

Clear filters

1 filter active · 4 results.

Sunset light on the layered canyon walls of the Grand Canyon, with riparian trees in the foreground.
Canyon River Activity

How Canyons Are Carved

A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep walls, usually cut by a river into rock that is being slowly raised by tectonic forces.

Examples: Grand Canyon (North America), Fish River Canyon (Africa)

Formation timescale: Very Long (millions of years)

Read the full article →
Backwater floodplain forest along the Upper Mississippi River.
Floodplain River Activity

How Floodplains Develop

A floodplain is the low-lying land bordering a river that is periodically covered by overflowing water, which deposits fresh sediment and gradually builds up the surrounding ground.

Examples: Amazon Floodplain (South America), Nile Floodplain (Africa)

Formation timescale: Short (decades to centuries)

Read the full article →
Yosemite Valley viewed from Inspiration Point.
Valley River Activity

How Valleys Are Formed

Valleys are long, low-lying corridors between higher ground, most often cut by flowing rivers and later widened or reshaped by glaciers and shifting crust.

Examples: Yosemite Valley (North America), Indus Valley (Asia)

Formation timescale: Long (hundreds of thousands of years)

Read the full article →
Upper Yosemite Falls viewed from the Yosemite Falls Trail.
Waterfall River Activity

How Waterfalls Form and Change

Waterfalls form wherever a river drops abruptly over a steep break in elevation, usually created by differences in rock hardness, and they continue to reshape themselves for as long as water keeps flowing over them.

Examples: Niagara Falls (North America), Victoria Falls (Africa)

Formation timescale: Medium (thousands of years)

Read the full article →